Wealthy Affiliate Bonus

The Nowra Wildlife Park is an animal park on the South Coast of New South Wales, Australia.

The Nowra Wildlife Park is the largest native animal park on the NSW South Coast and holds over 100 species of mostly native mammals, birds and reptiles. The park is set in 16 acres (65,000 m²) of native bushland and is situated on the Shoalhaven River.

Animal listing

Koala Common Wombat Southern Hairy-nosed Wombat Red Kangaroo Eastern Grey Kangaroo Western Grey Kangaroo Common Wallaroo Agile Wallaby Red-necked Wallaby Swamp Wallaby Quokka Spotted-tailed Quoll Dingo Rabbit Guinea Pig Goat Dromedary Domestic Horse

Donkey Emu Southern Cassowary Indian Peafowl Buff-banded Rail Masked Lapwing Bush Stone-curlew Yellow-tailed Black Cockatoo Major Mitchell’s Cockatoo Sulphur-crested Cockatoo Galah Rainbow Lorikeet Musk Lorikeet Eclectus Parrot Australian King Parrot Crimson Rosella Eastern Rosella Tawny Frogmouth

Laughing Kookaburra Blue-winged Kookaburra Gouldian Finch Star Finch Chestnut-breasted Mannikin White-browed Woodswallow Saltwater Crocodile Lace Monitor Ridge-tailed Monitor Frilled Lizard Eastern Bearded Dragon Eastern Blue-tongued Lizard Centralian Blue-tongued Lizard Olive Python Carpet Python Eastern Snake-necked Turtle Long-necked Turtle

References

1. ^ “Visitor Info”. Nowra Wildlife Park. Retrieved on 2007-10-03.

blue wholesale

Viet Blind Children Foundation (Blind Vietnamese Children Foundation) - a non-profit independent organization of Christian origin, which declares its aim in supporting health, education, and career development programs for visually-impaired children in Vietnam. Incorporated in 2000 and based in San Francisco, USA.

The institution provides funding for food, medicine, educational materials, equipment, facility improvements, and staff salaries.

References

1. ^ Independent charity organizations in USA
2. ^ Wisconsin chsareities directory

nicecall and nc-2000

The International Medical Commission on Bhopal was established in 1993 to organise medical responses to the 1984 Bhopal disaster.

Contents 1 Background 2 Goals 3 Findings 3.1 Union Carbide 3.2 Indian government 4 Recommendations of the IMCB 4.1 Long-term effects 4.2 Need for long-term monitoring 4.3 Working with other agencies 5 Members of the IMCB 6 Carbide gas victims’ organizations which worked with IMCB 7 Further reading 8 References 9 Publications of the IMCB & other authors

Background

The immediate scientific and medical response to the 1984 Bhopal disaster constituted an extraordinary pulling together of hospitals, medical personnel and social services in the area. Coping with a disaster of this scale was unheard of anywhere in the world, and there was widespread admiration for those who responded, often risking their own lives in the process.

However when the long term after effects of this disaster began to appear, it was obvious that the social, political, and legal climate was inadequate since there was little experience in dealing with a major environmental release. Scientific and medical personnel needed access to accident-related and toxicologic information to understand the causes and potential consequences of the disaster. Union Carbide, the primary repository of this information, faced with lawsuits and the prospect of bankruptcy, closed down its channels of communication. On the other hand, the extreme sensitivities of the local and national government bodies towards all aspects of the disaster, coupled with the lack of expertise and funds, resulted in an inadequate response on India’s part to meet the urgent health care and social recovery needs of the community. Whereas local health professionals and the interested scientific community abroad expected a flood of information from a disaster of this magnitude, only a trickle resulted.

These transnational political and legal ramifications threw a veil of secrecy around the disaster and obstructed the discovery of vital medical and toxicologic information. The medical community was often frustrated in its attempts to understand the links between gas exposure and health and devise appropriate treatment strategies. As an example, ignorance about whether the main poison, methyl isocyanate, could decompose to deadly cyanide gas, led to years of acrimonious debate on the merits of treating the gas victims for cyanide poisoning.

Recognizing the dire need of the gas victims, the Permanent Peoples’ Tribunal met in 1992 and recommended that an international medical commission provide an in-depth independent assessment of the situation in Bhopal. The International Medical Commission on Bhopal (IMCB) was thus constituted with 14 professionals from 12 countries who were chosen on the basis of their medical expertise and experience in environmental health, toxicology, neurology, immunology, respiratory medicine and family medicine. Drs. Rosalie Bertell and Gianni Tognoni served as the co-chairpersons of the IMCB. At the request of Carbide gas victim organizations, the IMCB conducted a humanitarian visit to India in January 1994 to contribute in any way possible to the relief of the victims and to suggest ways to in which such catastrophic accidents could be prevented in the future or their effects mitigated. During their stay, the IMCB met with government officials, various disaster experts, hospitals, research teams, local private physicians, biochemists, botanists, various survivor groups, environmental activists and veterinarians.

Goals

The main goals of the IMCB were:

1. Betterment of the lives of the victims with rational diagnostic methods and treatment
2. Clarification of the place and form of international medical assistance and documentation after a catastrophic accident
3. Recommending legislation to protect humans from military and industrial pollution
4. Mobilization of international assistance in response to the request of survivors rather than waiting for government invitation.
5. Provide guidelines for planning health research on the impact of major accidents
6. Establishment of a precedent for international protection for medical research against interference from vested interests or corporations or governments
7. Legitimization of the voices of survivor organizations and their participation in relevant decisions
8. Promoting ethical and scientific standards for information collection and communication to victims
9. Coordination of medical, research, and legal information to assist victims in claims
10. Alerting the Government of India to the need for full disclosure of potential hazards and environmental impact studies prior to allowing any hazardous industry to set up in India

The commissioners divided their work in various groups:

• Community & clinical studies: survey of the population followed by clinical testing of selected groups
• Assessment of availability and quality of medical care, including level of medical resources available.
• Examination of the adequacy and equity of laws and regulations relating to claims and the distribution of compensation;
• Evaluation of drug therapy by examination of prescriptions routinely given to survivors;
• Accident analysis;
• Review of studies and published literature on the disaster.

The IMCB committed itself to a) provide a full report of its findings and recommendations to the Governments of India and Madhya Pradesh, victims’ organizations, and all other interested parties; b) stand ready to assist the government of India and medical colleagues to implement the recommendations of the commission; c) enlist the National Advisory Committee to follow up the initiatives of the commission; d) recommend research studies to be undertaken in India on the long-term effects of the gas exposure, and e) assure the wide circulation of its experience and findings in the professional literature.

IMCB was dissolved after five years. However, individual members continue doing different kinds of work in Bhopal.

Findings

Union Carbide

The IMCB publicly condemned Union Carbide and reiterated the company’s full liability not only for responsibility in causing the deadly gas leak, but also for the confounding role of its behavior with respect to pre-accident preventive and exposure mitigating efforts, and the timely and effective application of the appropriate medical measures at the time of the accident. This included the lack of transparency about the composition of the gases released, resulting in the absence of rational methods of care and planning resulting in loss of sight and in some cases life, and creation of suspicion and conflict among professionals and the population. There was also a lack of emergency preparation which would have made the public and professionals aware of the potential toxins inside the plant and how to respond to an accident.

Indian government

The government of India also was faulted since no clear guidelines were laid down to determine compensation to the victims resulting in undue delays and aggravation of their health status and/or economic survival. The secrecy surrounding the health studies undertaken by the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) may initially have been instituted to protect the litigation process, but in reality made the rational medical treatment and establishment of claims almost impossible. In hindsight, it is clear that the secrecy served no purpose whatsoever and has resulted in non-publication of the information. Moreover, because of the secrecy about the accident itself and the chemicals released, it was difficult for the survivors to document their claims. The Commission also noted an excessive fear among government personnel of bogus claims.

In fulfilling its commitment, results of the community studies conducted by the IMCB have been communicated to the affected population in the form of public meetings, which provided a forum for the victims to ask questions and provide comments. The studies have also been published in various national and international journals so that the scientific community has access to this information.

Recommendations of the IMCB

The IMCB made the following recommendations:

1. Reorganization of the health system to establish a network of community-based primary care clinics; 2. The gas-related disease categories need to be broadened to include central nervous system and psychological (PTD) injury; 3. A conference to determine best practice rehabilitation medicine, including both Western and Indian expertise, must be undertaken to develop rational treatments and prescription drugs for survivors. 3. Health data collected by the ICMR should be communicated to the population and submitted for publication in professional journals. 4. Gas victims to have the right of access to their medical records; 5. Victim organizations should be adequately represented in the national and state commissions dealing with the disaster; 6. Criteria for compensation should include medical, economic and social damage to the victims 7. Allocation of resources for economic and social rehabilitation of people and their communities should be made. 8. Thorough examination of the impact of the toxic waste buried on the Union Carbide site and its potential for further damage to public health needs to be researched.

Long-term effects

It is now well known that persistent and chronic gas-related health effects are present in the Bhopal population. However, the full spectrum of effects is yet to be defined, especially in those exposed as children or in utero, and as manifested in survivor reproductive health. There has been a lack of systematic collection of relevant information in these reproductive effects, and also with respect to cancer development or other chronic illnesses as sequelae of the gas exposure.

Recent investigations have shown that local well water has become contaminated by the improper storage of a large amount of hazardous waste in the facility, or on its grounds. This toxic waste is especially hazardous to those still suffering the effects of direct exposure to the gas.

As of 2007, the prospects for learning the sequelae of this disaster do not appear to be bright. What is sorely needed is an independent body to coordinate the heath care, research, rehabilitation of gas victims, and care for potential effects in their offspring. Instead of the non-directive symptomatic medical treatment that currently exists, clear guidelines and criteria need to be formulated for specific medical conditions such as damage to broncial tubes, sleep apnea, neuron destruction, etc. . Such an effort could be implemented through India’s existing heath care pyramid. Community-level health units should be developed to serve a maximum of 5000 people each. Local hospitals with multiple departments can be used to provide secondary care. A specialized medical center dedicated to treatment and research of the more serious problems arising from the gas leak should be established.

The IMCB believes it is a mistake to simply increase the number of hospital beds in Bhopal. The community has need for more neighborhood clinics, non-drug respiratory therapy, clean air and water, and sheltered workshops, not for more hospital beds.

Need for long-term monitoring

The IMCB has recommended that long-term monitoring of the community for illness and response to treatment be done for several decades. This would include the study of exposed and unexposed areas to observe patterns of illness and death as well as to detect the occurrence of related chronic diseases and the appearance of new diseases. Such an approach needs to be one in which the health professionals involve the community of gas victims as active partners in investigation, provide them with feedback on community health, ensure that their health risks are properly communicated, and thereby enabling an increase in their consciousness, autonomy and self-determination.

Working with other agencies

Recognizing that Bhopal is a tragic model of an industrial epidemic, members of IMCB have expressed willingness to organize international teams when requested, to provide technical assistance and evaluation of other environmental disasters. Rather than the provision of emergency relief functions, for which there are other organizations such as Medecins sans Frontieres and the Red Cross/Red Crescent, the IMCB envisioned three levels:

1. response to communities who appeal on the basis of chronic disability due to a disaster, after its acute phase is over;
2. represent victims at the international level, for example, the World Health Agency, to recommend legislative changes required to implement the International Bill of Rights relevant to health and safety, and
3. working to define the appropriate public health investigations to serve the needs of the injured community rather than use the victim community to merely serve the needs of science.

The International Bill of Rights includes: The Universal Declaration of Human Rights, proclaimed on Dec 10, 1948; The International Covenant on Economic, Social, and Cultural Rights (1976), and the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, 1976.

The steps to be taken to achieve the full realization of this right shall include: - provision for the reduction of infant deaths and for healthy development of the child; - improvement of all aspects of environmental and industrial hygiene; - prevention, treatment, and control of epidemic, endemic, occupational and other diseases; - creation of conditions which would assure to all people medical service and medical attention in the event of sickness, - assuring the victims a living, work and social environment conducive to healing of its injuries.

To protect these rights, an international body, free of industry and government pressures, and competent to advise on health and safety standards, is required to be able to mediate just and equitable resolution and compensation of damage in the case of unanticipated disasters.

Members of the IMCB

• Rosalie Bertell (Canada),
• Gianni Tognoni (Italy),
• Thomas Callendar,
• Jerry Havens,
• V. Ramana Dhara (USA),
• Birger Heinzow (Germany),
• Marinus Verweij (Netherlands),
• Sushma Acquilla,
• Paul Cullinan (UK),
• Wang Zhengang (China),
• Jerzy Jaskowski (Poland),
• Leonid Titov (Belarus),
• Ingrid Eckerman (Sweden), and
• C. Sathyamala (India/UK).

IMCB members (L to R) Ramana Dhara, Jerry Havens, Birger Heinzow calibrate a spirometer Jan 1994

Carbide gas victims’ organizations which worked with IMCB

• Bhopal Gas Peedit Mahila Stationery Karmachari Sangh
• Bhopal Gas Peedit Mahila Udyog Sanghatana
• Bhopal Group for Information & Action
• Nirashvrit Pension Bhogi Karmachari Sangh
• Zahreeli Gas Kand Sangharsh Morcha

Further reading

1. Bertell R, Tognoni G. International Medical Commission, Bhopal: A model for the future. National Medical Journal of India. 1996; 9(2):86-91
2. Dhara VR. What Ails the Bhopal Disaster Investigations? Int J Occup Environ Health; 2002;8:371-379.
3. Dhara VR. Findings of the International Medical Commission on Bhopal. The Hindu – Survey of Environment; 2003.
4. Eckerman, Ingrid The Bhopal Saga - Causes and Consequences of the World’s Largest Industrial Disaster . India: Universities Press 2004. pp. p 213-214. ISBN 81-7371-515-7. 

References

1. ^ http://www.ijoeh.com/pfds/0804_dhara_bhopal.pdf
2. ^ http://www.ijoeh.com/pfds/0804_dhara_toxicity.pdf
3. ^ http://webdrive.service.emory.edu/users/vdhara/www.BhopalPublications/Health%20Effects%20&%20Epidemiology/Health%20Effects%20Review%20articles/Health%20Effects%20Review%20AEH.pdf
4. ^ Long term morbidity in survivors of the 1984 Bhopa… - PubMed Result
5. ^ Respiratory morbidity 10 years after the Union Car… - PubMed Result
6. ^ http://webdrive.service.emory.edu/users/vdhara/www.BhopalPublications/Health%20Effects%20&%20Epidemiology/JAMA%20Research%20letter%20&%20correspondence/Sambhavna%20JAMA%20letter.pdf
7. ^ http://webdrive.service.emory.edu/users/vdhara/www.BhopalPublications/Health%20Effects%20&%20Epidemiology/JAMA%20Research%20letter%20&%20correspondence/JAMA%20Bhopal%20letter%20&%20response.pdf
8. ^ http://webdrive.service.emory.edu/users/vdhara/www.BhopalPublications/Environmental%20Health/Greenpeace%20Bhopal%20Report.pdf
9. ^ http://webdrive.service.emory.edu/users/vdhara/www.BhopalPublications/Health%20Effects%20&%20Epidemiology/Surveys/Aftermath%20of%20Bhopal%20&%20Intl%20Med%20Comm%20investigation.pdf
10. ^ Rosalie Bertell, Ph.D., GNSH
11. ^ Rollins School of Public Health: Faculty Profile
12. ^ Dr Sushma Acquilla
13. ^ Dr Paul Cullinan
14. ^ Ingrid Eckerman

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The Santa Paula Elementary School District governs six elementary schools and one middle school in Santa Paula, California.

Members of the Board of Trustees are:

• Michelle Kolbeck, President
• Ofelia De La Torre, Clerk
• Gary Marshall
• Tony Perez
• Daniel Robles

Runners Ideal Weight

Carl XVI Gustaf King of Sweden (more…) King Carl XVI Gustaf as an Admiral of the Royal Swedish Navy, 11 September 2007 Reign 15 September 1973 – present Predecessor Gustav VI Adolf Heiress-Apparent Crown Princess Victoria Took oath 19 September 1973 Consort Silvia Sommerlath Issue Victoria, Crown Princess of Sweden Prince Carl Philip, Duke of Värmland Princess Madeleine, Duchess of Hälsingland and Gästrikland Full name Carl Gustaf Folke Hubertus Detail Titles and styles HM The King of Sweden HRH The Crown Prince of Sweden HRH The Duke of Jämtland Royal house House of Bernadotte Royal anthem “Kungssången” Royal motto För Sverige – i tiden (”For Sweden – with the times”) Father Prince Gustav Adolf, Duke of Västerbotten Mother Princess Sibylla of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha Born 30 April 1946 (1946-04-30) (age 62) Haga Palace, Sweden

Swedish Royal Family HM The King HM The Queen HRH The Crown Princess HRH The Duke of Värmland HRH The Duchess of Hälsingland and Gästrikland HRH The Duchess of Halland HRH Princess Birgitta Princess Margaretha, Mrs. Ambler Princess Désirée, Baroness Silfverschiöld Princess Christina, Mrs. Magnuson v • d • e

Monarchical styles of King Carl XVI Gustaf of Sweden Reference style His Majesty Spoken style Your Majesty Alternative style Sir or The King

Carl XVI Gustaf (Carl Gustaf Folke Hubertus; born 30 April 1946) has been King of Sweden (Swedish: ‘Sveriges Konung’) since 15 September 1973. He is the only son of the late Prince Gustav Adolf, Duke of Västerbotten and Princess Sibylla of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha. He ascended the throne upon the death of his grandfather, King Gustav VI Adolf.

Contents 1 Birth and early life 2 Youth and education 3 King 4 Marriage and family 5 Kinship with European counterparts 6 Royal duties and personal interests 6.1 Scouting 6.2 Biofuels research 7 Titles, styles and honours 7.1 Title 7.2 Style of reference 7.3 Royal and State Orders received 7.4 Other honours 7.5 Patronages 8 Dyslexia 9 Regnal name 10 Ancestors 11 Patrilineal descent 12 See also 13 External links 14 Notes and references

Birth and early life

Carl Gustaf was born at Haga Palace (”Haga Slott”) (”Kungliga Hovförsamlingen”), Solna, Uppland. He was christened at the Royal Chapel on 7 June 1946 by the Archbishop of Uppsala, Erling Eidem, and was given the title of Duke of Jämtland.

His godparents were The Crown Prince of Denmark, The Crown Princess of Denmark, The Crown Prince of Norway, Princess Juliana of the Netherlands, King Gustaf V of Sweden, Prince Friedrich Josias of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, The Crown Prince of Sweden, The Crown Princess of Sweden, Count Folke Bernadotte af Wisborg and Countess Maria Bernadotte af Wisborg.

Youth and education

Prince Carl Gustaf Folke Hubertus was the youngest of five children and the only son of Sweden’s Prince Gustaf Adolf and Princess Sibylla. His father’s death in an airplane crash outside Copenhagen, Denmark, on 26 January 1947 left the nine-month-old Prince second in line for the throne, behind his grandfather, then Crown Prince Gustaf Adolf. When his great-grandfather King Gustaf V died in 1950, the four-year-old Prince became heir apparent of Sweden.

In a speech in 2005, the King expressed some of his feelings about growing up without having known his father. His sister, Princess Birgitta, elaborated on these feelings in an interview around the same time, commenting that their mother and the strict Swedish royal court of the time didn’t consider the emotional needs of Prince Gustaf Adolf’s children. In that era, she said, tragedy was seldom discussed with children. “Children’s questions were met with silence, children’s anxiety and fear with the same silence.”

As a result, Crown Prince Carl Gustaf was seven years old before he had been told about his father’s death. “It was Mother’s way of handling the situation, to handle living her life. Of course it was not good for us children. It would have been much better to be able to speak about Father’s death,” continued Princess Birgitta. She said it had been difficult for the future King to come to grips with not having a father and of not having the same memories of him as his older sisters.

After graduating from high school, the Crown Prince completed two and a half years of education in the Royal Swedish Army, the Royal Swedish Navy, and the Royal Swedish Air Force. He received his commission as an officer in all three services in 1968, and he eventually rose to the rank of Captain (Army & Air Force) and Lieutenant (Navy), before he ascended the throne. He has also completed academic studies in history, sociology, political science, tax law, and economics at the universities of Uppsala and Stockholm.

To prepare for his role as the Head of State, Crown Prince Carl Gustaf followed a broad program of studies on the court system, social organisations and institutions, trade unions, and employers’ associations. In addition, he closely studied the affairs of the Riksdag, Government, and Ministry for Foreign Affairs. The Crown Prince also spent time at the Swedish Mission to the United Nations and the Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency (SIDA), worked at a bank in London, the Swedish Embassy in London, the Swedish Chamber of Commerce in France, and at the Alfa Laval company factory in France.

King

On 15 September 1973, Carl Gustaf became King of Sweden upon the death of his grandfather, King Gustaf VI Adolf. He was invested as King, at the Hall of State of the Royal Palace of Stockholm on 19 September 1973. King Gustaf VI Adolf was the last who used the style By the Grace of God King of the Swedes, the Goths/Geats and the Wends (Swedish: med Guds Nåde Sveriges, Götes och Wendes Konung; Latin: Dei Gratia Suecorum, Gothorum et Vandalorum Rex). This traditional title had been in use since the establishment of the hereditary monarchy in 1544. Carl XVI Gustaf instead chose the plain and simple title King of Sweden (Swedish: Sveriges Konung), thereby ending an age-old tradition.

Such innovations are reflected in his personal motto För Sverige, i tiden, “For Sweden, with the times”.

Marriage and family

The king married the half-Brazilian daughter of a German businessman. Silvia Sommerlath met the then-Crown Prince at the 1972 Summer Olympics in Munich, where she was an interpreter and host. The wedding was held 19 June 1976 at Stockholm Cathedral (”Storkyrkan Cathedral”) (”Kungliga Hovförsamlingen”) in Stockholm, and the ceremony was performed by the Archbishop of Uppsala, Olof Sundby. The King and his family reside at Drottningholm Palace outside of Stockholm since 1980 and use the Royal Palace of Stockholm as their workplace.

They have three children:

1. Victoria, Crown Princess of Sweden, Duchess of Västergötland (1977– )
2. Prince Carl Philip, Duke of Värmland (1979– )
3. Princess Madeleine, Duchess of Hälsingland and Gästrikland (1982– )

Prince Carl Philip was born heir apparent. However, a constitutional reform that was already under way at the time of his birth made his older sister, Victoria, the Crown Princess and heiress-apparent on 1 January 1980, according to the principles of equal primogeniture, which Sweden was the first country to adopt.

Kinship with European counterparts

The king is related to all current European reigning monarchs (at least through John William Friso, Prince of Orange, the most recent common ancestor of today’s reigning European royal houses):

• Queen Margrethe II of Denmark - cousin
• King Harald V of Norway - double third cousin and second cousin once removed
• King Juan Carlos I of Spain - double third cousin
• King Albert II of Belgium - second cousin once removed
• Queen Beatrix of the Netherlands - third cousin
• Queen Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom - double third cousin
• Grand Duke Henri of Luxembourg - third cousin
• Prince Albert II of Monaco - seventh cousin
• Prince Hans-Adam II of Liechtenstein - sixth cousin once removed

Royal duties and personal interests

The King and Queen of Sweden at the White House, October 23, 2006

The King’s duties are, according to Regeringsformen, of a representative and ceremonial nature. He pays State Visits abroad and receives those to Sweden, opens the Annual Session of the Parliament, chairs the Special Council held during a change of Government, holds regular Information Councils with Ministers, chairs the meetings of the Foreign Affairs Council, and receives and signs Letters of Credence of foreign ambassadors to Sweden and signs those of Sweden to foreign nations. The King holds the highest ranks in the three branches of the Swedish Armed Forces à la suite according to the Constitution.

Worldwide, Carl XVI Gustaf is probably best known as the presenter of the Nobel Prizes each year. He also hands over the Polar Music Prize. The King holds honorary doctoral degrees from the Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm School of Economics and from Åbo Akademi University in Finland.

In connection with his state visit to the United Kingdom in the summer of 1975, he was appointed an honorary Admiral in the Royal Navy by Queen Elizabeth II, with seniority of 25 June 1975.

The King is passionate about the environment, technology, agriculture, trade, and industry.

Like many members of the Royal Family, the King has a keen interest in automobiles. He owns several Porsche 911s — a car model which is said to be a particular favorite of the King — as well as a vintage Volvo PV444, a Ferrari 456 MGT, an authentic AC Cobra and other cars. The first pictures taken of him and his future wife were of them sitting in his Porsche 911. In the summer of 2005 he was involved in a traffic accident in Norrköping. The accident was described as a “fender bender”, with no serious personal injuries claimed. Nevertheless, the incident caused national headlines.

In 2005 the King made a personal and passionate speech about the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami, which had led to the death of over 500 Swedes.

Scouting

László Nagy presents the Bronze Wolf to Carl XVI Gustaf.

The King is the Honorary Chairman of the World Scout Foundation, and often participates in Scout activities both in Sweden and abroad. The King visits regularly World Scout Jamborees, for instance in 2002 in Sattahip, Thailand, and 2007 in Hylands Park, England. He attended the 1981 National Scout Jamboree in Virginia, USA, and was awarded the Bronze Wolf, the only distinction of the World Organization of the Scout Movement, awarded by the World Scout Committee for exceptional services to world Scouting, in 1982.

Biofuels research

The King attended the Sweden-Michigan Clean Energy Summit at the Ritz-Carlton Hotel in Dearborn, Michigan, on September 26, 2008, at the start of a two-day visit to Michigan. He also traveled to Kettering University in Flint, Michigan, for the ceremonial groundbreaking for a biogas plant that will be, when completed, similar to a biogas plant in Linköping, Sweden. On the second day of his visit he toured the test tracks of the Ford Motor Company and General Motors Corporation.

Titles, styles and honours

Title

The King’s current title is simply His Majesty The King of Sweden. He also holds the personal title of Duke of Jämtland.

Style of reference

Carl XVI Gustaf is usually referred to as simply “the King” (Swedish: Kungen). In formal events and protocols, he is however entitled to “Your Majesty” (Swedish: Ers Majestät) or “His Majesty the King” (Swedish: Hans Majestät Konungen).

Royal and State Orders received

• Lord and Master (and Knight) of the Order of the Seraphim
• Lord and Master (and Commander Grand Cross) of the Order of the Sword
• Lord and Master (and Commander Grand Cross) of the Order of the Polar Star
• Lord and Master (and Commander Grand Cross) of the Order of Vasa
• Lord and Master (and Knight) of the Order of Charles XIII
• Knight with Collar of the Order of the Elephant
• Grand Commander of the Order of the Dannebrog
• Order of the Rajamitrabhorn
• Commander Grand Cross of the Order of the White Rose
• Grand cross with Collar of the Order of the Falcon
• Grand Cross with collar of the Royal Norwegian Order of St. Olav
• Grand Cross of the Order of Leopold
• Grand Collar of the Order of the Southern Cross
• Collar of the Order of the Cross of Terra Mariana
• Grand Cross of the Légion d’honneur
• Grand Cross of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany
• Grand Cross of the Order of the Redeemer
• Collar of the Order of the Chrysanthemum
• Grand Cross of the Order of Vytautas the Great
• Grand Cross of the Order of the Gold Lion of the House of Nassau
• Collar of the Order of the Aztec Eagle
• Grand Cross of the Order of the Netherlands Lion
• Grand Cross of the Order of the House of Orange
• Grand Cross of the Order of the White Eagle
• Grand Cross of the Order of the Tower and Sword
• Sash Rank of the Star of Romania
• 1,183rd Knight and Collar of the Order of the Golden Fleece in 1983
• Grand Cross Collar of the Order of Charles III and Saint Fernando
• Stranger 967th Knight of the Order of the Garter
• Recipient of the Royal Victorian Chain

Other honours

• Honorary Admiral of the Royal Navy (Seniority: 25 June 1975)

Patronages

• African Medical and Research Foundation Sweden (AMREF)
• Allmänna Idrottsklubben (AIK)
• Barnens Dags Riksförbund
• Centralföreningen för Idrottens Främjande i Sverige
• Djurgårdens Hembygdsförening
• Friends of the Nationalmuseum
• Friends of the Swedish Museum of Natural History
• Friluftsfrämjandet
• Föreningen Svenska Atheninstitutets Vänner
• Föreningen Konstnärernas Vänner
• Föreningen för Svenskar i Världen
• Gastronomiska Akademien
• Gripsholmsföreningen
• Idrottsföreningen Kamraterna (IFK)
• Kulturen i Lund
• Kungl. Automobil Klubben
• Kungl. Motorbåt Klubben
• Kungl. Svenska Aeroklubben
• Kungl. Svenska Segel Sällskapet
• Riksföreningen mot Cancer
• Royal Physiographic Society in Lund
• Royal Society of Sciences and Letters in Gothenburg
• Royal Society of Sciences in Uppsala
• Royal Swedish Academy
• Royal Swedish Academy of Agriculture and Forestry
• Royal Swedish Academy of Arts
• Royal Swedish Academy of Engineering Sciences
• Royal Swedish Academy of Letters, History and Antiquities
• Royal Swedish Academy of Music
• Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences
• Royal Swedish Society of Naval Sciences
• Royal Swedish Academy of War Sciences
• Rädda Visby Ringmur-aktionen
• Stiftelsen Det Naturliga Steget
• Stiftelsen Drottningholmsteaterns Vänner
• Stiftelsen Håll Sverige Rent
• Stiftelsen Stockholm Water Foundation
• Stiftelsen Svenska Flaggan
• Stiftelsen Svensk Våtmarksfond
• Stockholms Konserthusstiftelse
• Stockholms Studentsångarförbund
• Svenska Arkeologiska Samfundet
• Svenska Blå Stjärnan
• Svenska Djurskyddsföreningen
• Svenska Jägareförbundet
• Svenska Kennelklubben
• Svenska Livräddningssällskapet - Simfrämjandet
• Svenska Motionsdagen (Korpen Svenska Motionsidrottsförbundet)
• Svenska Rominstitutets Vänner
• Svenska Turistföreningen
• Svenska Scoutförbundet och Svenska Scoutrådet
• Svenska Sällskapet för Antropologi och Geografi
• Sverige-Amerika Stiftelsen
• Sveriges Allmänna Konstförening
• Sveriges Hembygdsförbund
• Sveriges Riksidrottsförbund
• Sveriges Skogsvårdsförbund
• Swedish Bible Society
• Swedish Lions
• Swedish Red Cross
• Swedish Rotary
• Sångsällskapet Orphei Drängar
• The American-Scandinavian Foundation
• Wilhelm Peterson-Berger Society
• World Scout Foundation
• World Wide Fund for Nature Sweden (WWF)
• Östasiatiska Museets Vänner

Dyslexia

For many years, it was widely rumoured that the king had dyslexia. Journalists noted that he misspelled his name when signing his accession document, and in 1973, when visiting a copper mine in Falun, he misspelled his name as “Cal Gustf” when signing it on a rock wall. In an interview on Swedish television in 1997, however, the condition was admitted publicly when his wife addressed the issue. “When he was little, people did not pay attention to the problem,” she said. “He didn’t get the help he needed.” She also noted that the couple’s children have “a bit of” dyslexia themselves.

Regnal name

In the 16th century, Johannes Magnus constructed a mythical line of Swedish kings, beginning with Magog, the son of Japheth, to demonstrate the antiquity of the Swedish throne. On the basis of his list, Eric XIV and Charles IX adopted their high ordinals; previous monarchs with those names are traditionally numbered counting backward from Eric XIV and Charles IX. The King of Sweden is therefore called Carl XVI Gustaf (Charles XVI Gustav) rather than Carl X Gustaf, although there are only nine known Swedish kings bearing the name Carl before him.

Ancestors

v • d • e Ancestors of Carl XVI Gustaf of Sweden

16. Oscar II of Sweden               8. Gustav V of Sweden                       17. Sofia of Nassau               4. Gustav VI Adolf of Sweden                             18. Frederick I, Grand Duke of Baden               9. Victoria of Baden                       19. Princess Louise of Prussia               2. Prince Gustav Adolf, Duke of Västerbotten                                   20. Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha               10. Prince Arthur, Duke of Connaught and Strathearn                       21. Victoria of the United Kingdom               5. Princess Margaret of Connaught                             22. Prince Frederick Charles of Prussia               11. Princess Louise Margaret of Prussia